Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
Свиноводство остаётся одной из ключевых отраслей животноводства, обеспечивающей мировой рынок высококачественным белковым продуктом. Взаимосвязь белкового и жирового обмена у свиней является ключевым фактором, определяющим продуктивность, качество мяса и экономическую эффективность свиноводства. Центральная проблема заключается в метаболическом дисбалансе процессов синтеза белков мышечной ткани (протеогенез) и отложения жира в теле (липогенез), ведущем к значительным потерям питательных веществ корма и ухудшению качества туши. Основные разделы обзора: основные взаимосвязи метаболизма белков и липидов у свиней (метаболизм и энергетический баланс, ключевые органы и ткани), молекулярные механизмы взаимосвязанной регуляции (ко-регуляции) (центральная роль сигнального пути mTOR, рецепторы, активируемые пролифераторами пероксисом, сигнальные пути инсулина и лептина), внешнесредовые и физиологические факторы, влияющие на метаболизм белков и липидов (состав рациона, генетические факторы и породные особенности, физиологическое состояние и стадии роста), практические аспекты в свиноводстве. Фазовое кормление и применение низкобелковых рационов, сбалансированных по синтетическим аминокислотам, позволяют оптимизировать соотношение "мясо/жир", улучшить качественные показатели мяса (нежность, сочность, мраморность за счёт внутримышечного жира) и снизить экологическую нагрузку за счёт уменьшения экскреции азота.
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