Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
Известно, чтокультивирование ооцитов в среде с повышенным содержанием неэтерифицированных жирных кислот в период созревания действует на генетическую экспрессию и фенотип эмбрионов, которые получают из этих ооцитов. Показано, что жирнокислотный состав общих липидов в ооцитах в и эмбрионах очень лабилен и зависит от физиологического окружения invivoи от культуральных кондиций invitro. Цель обзора – систематизация литературных данных и результатов собственных исследований, касающихся жирнокислотного состава (ЖКС) липидов яйцеклеток и влияния отдельных жирных кислот (ЖК) на созревание ооцитов. Основные разделы – жирнокислотный состав общих липидов в ооцитах млекопитающих, изменения ЖКС липидов в ооцитах и эмбрионах в зависимости от стадии развития; роль жирных кислот в созревании и развитии эмбрионов млекопитающих invitro; влияние жирных кислот на метаболизм эмбрионов и экспрессию генов; эффекты жирнокислотного состава липидов при криоконсервации эмбрионов. В исследованиях автора показано, что содержание ЖК в ооцитах не зависело от морфофункционального статуса (МФС) яичников. В ооцитах, выделивших в процессе созревания первое направительное тельце первого направляющего тельца (ПНТ), превалировали линолевая, линоленовая и пальмитиновая кислоты, при этом ооциты с ПНТ содержали больше пальмитиновой, стеариновой и олеиновой кислот и меньше линолевой, линоленовой и арахидоновой кислот по сравнению с ооцитами без ПНТ. Уменьшение содержания линолевой, линоленовой и арахидоновой кислот может свидетельствовать об усилении синтеза простагландинов. Практическая значимость исследований в этой области обусловлена, в частности, тем, что липиды во многом определяют резистентность ооцитов при криоконсервации.
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