Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
В данной части обзора (часть 1 см. № 3, С. 5-26) систематизированы данные о физиоло-гической роли мелатонина (МТ) который является одним из важнейших факторов в регуляции процессов воспроизводства у животных. Основные разделы части 2 обзора – роль МТ в процессе имплантации эмбриона, влияние МТ на беременность, коррекция с использованием МТ при осложнении во время беременности, МТ и роды, эффекты МТ в период лактации. Мелатонин, проявляющий свойства антиоксиданта, иммуномодулятора и регулятора клеточной активности, может выполнять важную функцию в процессах имплантации бластоцисты и формирования плаценты у животных и человека. Как эффективный антиоксидант во время беременности МТ защищает ткани плода и плаценты от окислительных повреждений. Эпифнзарный МТ матери выполняет функцию ритмоводителя в становлении суточных ритмов у плода. Благодаря наличию паракринных, аутокринных и интракринных механизмов, плацентарный МТ обеспечивает нормальное развитие плода и стабильность плацентарной функции, что определяет подготовку к родам и рождению здорового потомства. МТ является важным фактором в системе регуляции инициации родов. Показано, что MT и его рецептор играют важную регулирующую роль в развитии молочных желез и лактации у животных. Учитывая данные о положительных эффектах на процессы размножения, применение МТ следует рассматривать как перспективный препарат для поддержки нормального развития плода, для биомедицинских технологии и для коррекции ряда репродуктивных патологий у продуктивных животных.
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