Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
В последние годы прогресс в области микробиологии и генной инженерии создал предпосылки для создания широкого спектра ферментных препаратов (ФП) для использования в животноводстве. Перспективность этого направления несомненна, однако на пути к получению высокоактивных препаратов с заданными свойствами возникает ряд проблем методологического характера. Основная проблема заключается в том, что по результатам изучения экзогенных ферментов in vitro трудно спрогнозировать эффективность их действия в организме животного. Имеются доказательства, что это обусловлено недостаточностью имеющихся данных по составу, концентрации субстратов и их расположению в макромолекулярных комплексах кормов. Обоснованность этого предположения аргументируется в обзоре при рассмотрении особенностей действия различных ФП и их влияния на эффективность использования питательных веществ корма у моногастричных животных (свиньи, бройлеры). Основные разделы обзора: факторы, влияющие на действие карбогидраз; в кормлении животных; фитазы, протеазы, полиферментные препараты; влияние состава полиферментных препаратов на продуктивность. Экзогенные ферменты, потребляемые с кормом, вмешиваются в действие эволюционно сложившейся природной системы пищеварения и не подвержены биологической регуляции в желудочно-кишечном тракте. Под влиянием экзогенных ферментов изменяются секреция пищеварительных ферментов и микробиом кишечника, что оказывает влияние на иммунную систему. Механизмы взаимодействия экзогенных и эндогенных ферментов изучены недостаточно. По аналогии с составом природных ферментов предпринимаются попытки создания полиферментных смесей экзогенных ферментов, однако 39
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