Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
Цель обзора – систематизация литературных данных о структуре, функции тиреоглобулина (ТГ) и экспрессии гена ТГ. Общая молекулярная структура ТГ консервативна у всех позвоночных, а продуция гормонов щитовидной железы трийодтиронина (Т3) и тироксина (Т4) инициируется в процессе протеолиза ТГ. При доставке ТГ из тиреоцитов в просвет фолликулов щитовидной железы множественные остатки тирозина могут йодироваться с образованием монойодтирозина и/или дийодтирозина. Под действием тиреотропного гормона активируются его рецептор и многие продукты генов щитовидной железы, участвующие в гормоногенезе. Тиреотропный гормон инициирует посттрансляционные изменения ТГ, которые повышают его способность к образованию Т3; этот процесс важен при дефиците йода. Мутации гена ТГ вызывают нарушение синтеза гормонов щитовидной железы, что приводит к врожденному гипотиреозу. Легкий гипотиреоз или эутиреоз с зобом обычно выявляются в семействе мутаций гена ТР. В большинстве случаев у пораженных особей родители гомозиготны по инактивации мутаций в гене ТГ. Реже сложные гетерозиготные мутации приводят к потере функции обоих аллелей. Из-за большого размера и сложности молекулярной структуры конечного продукта возможность получения рекомбинантного ТГ в настоящее время ограничена
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