Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
В обзоре обобщены современные подходы к формированию ресурсосберегающих низкопротеиновых (НП) рационов для свиней на откорме на базе концепции «идеального протеина» и стандартизованной илеальной переваримости (SID). Проанализированы методики оценки потребностей и обоснована роль лизина как референтной аминокислоты при выражении остальных незаменимых АК через соотношения к лизину. На основе мета-анализов и экспериментальных данных показано, что при корректной SID-балансировке и добавлении синтетических аминокислот снижение уровня сырого протеина на 2-4% обычно сохраняет или улучшает продуктивность (приросты, конверсия), снижает экскрецию азота (до ≈20-30%) и повышает экономическую эффективность. Обсуждаются противоречия в научных данных, обусловленные факторами генотипа, фазы откорма и методологии. Намечены перспективы включающие, прецизионное кормление с ИИ, новые формы аминокислот и интеграцию в системы устойчивого свиноводства. Обзор подчёркивает стратегическое значение НП-рационов для интенсификации отрасли при минимизации экологического воздействия.
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