Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»

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ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ МАРКЕРЫ СУПЕРОВУЛЯТОРНОГО ОТВЕТА У КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА (обзор)

Бурсаков С.А., Ковальчук C.Н., Попов Д.В., Косовский Г.Ю.

Центр экспериментальной эмбриологии и репродуктивных биотехнологий,

Москва, Российская Федерация

Номер: 4
Страницы: 5-23

Журнал: Проблемы биологии продуктивных животных

Ключевые слова:

воспроизводсво крупного рогатого скота, однонуклеотидный полиморфизм; трансплантация эмбрионов, суперовуляция

Аннотация:

Технологии вызывания супервуляции и переноса эмбрионов часто используются в современном животноводстве для получения большого количества потомства от элитных коров-доноров. Технический аспект индуцирования суперовуляции у молочного скота описан многими авторами, но генетический и геномный аспект этой техники еще находится в стадии начального изучения. Поскольку суперовуляторный ответ умеренно наследуется, существует возможность генетического отбора доноров, производящих больше эмбрионов. Несмотря на то, что оцененная материнская наследуемость успешности овуляции относительно велика, другие факторы, такие как экологические и техногенные, являются потенциальными препятствиями для определения генетических вариаций и вовлеченности специфических генов. Поэтому поиск и идентификация вариантов гена, которые влияют на суперовуляторный ответ и ответственны за стабильный результат индукции суперовуляции, может помочь в выборе коров-доноров, которые будут более восприимчивы и хорошо реагируют на гормональную стимуляцию. Молекулярные механизмы, регулирующие развитие фолликулов яичника у млекопитающих, выяснены недостаточно, главным образом из-за видоспецифичных различий между малоплодными и плодовитыми животными. К настоящему времени проведено лишь немного исследований по поиску геномных ассоциаций у молочного скота по признакам суперовуляторного ответа. Несмотря на то, что для крупного рогатого скота (КРС) были проведены процедуры полногеномного секвенирования для поиска генов, влияющих на уровень овуляции, к моменту написания обзора выявлено лишь незначительное количество конкретных генов-кандидатов. Цель данной работы − систематизация известных на сегодняшний день сведений о геномных ассоциациях однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов (ОНП) с показателями суперовуляторного ответа. Выяснение генетических механизмов регуляции функций репродуктивной системы КРС может способствовать разработке эффективной процедуры индукции суперовуляции у специально отобранных особей с программируемым выходом эмбрионов высокого качества. В целом, проблема поиска новых надёжных предикторов овариального ответа остаётся актуальной и перспективной для повышения эффективности воспроизводства малоплодных животных.

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