Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
Исследование генетических факторов, влияющих на состояние здоровья высокопродуктивных животных, может открыть новые пути решения в борьбе с болезнями, вызываемых микробными и вирусными патогенами. Структурное разнообразие толл-подобных рецепторов (TLR), как наиболее часто исследуемых факторов врождённого иммунитета, изучается у всех основных видов животных. Основные разделы обзора: генетическое разнообразие TLR; значение сведений о полиморфизме TLRдля успешной борьбы с болезнями животных; перспективы изучения TLR в селекции животных. Выявленные частоты и группировки гаплотипов отдельных полиморфизмов TLR используются для отслеживания происхождения этих изменений как независимых индикаторов функциональных изменений. Выявлены варианты TLR, ассоциированные с маститом и микобактериальными инфекциями у крупного рогатого скота, поэтому применение данных генотипирования при разведении может быть использовано в программах селекции животных на устойчивость к болезням. Выявленные ассоциативные закономерности указывают на то, что повышение врождённой устойчивости возможно для большого числа видов животных. Поэтому традиционные породы и аборигенные популяции животных следует рассматривать как ресурсы генетического разнообразия, применимые для выведения новых пород животных, устойчивых к заболеваниям и влиянию производственных факторов.
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