Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»

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ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ИММУННОГО СТАТУСА У КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА: ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ, ВЕТЕРИНАРНЫЙ КОНТРОЛЬ (обзор)

¹^,2Калашников А.Е., ¹Щегольков Н.Ф., ³ Гостева Е.Р.

¹Всероссийский НИИ племенного дела МСХ РФ, Москва; ²Архангельский НИИ

сельского хозяйства, Приморский филиал Федерального исследовательского

центра изучения Арктики РАН[1] , Архангельск[2] ;³Федеральный

аграрный научный центр Юго-Востока, Саратов[3] , Российская Федерация

Номер: 4
Страницы: 5-30

Журнал: Проблемы биологии продуктивных животных

Ключевые слова:

вакцины, жизнеспособность, иммунный ответ, инфекционные болезни, КРС, лактация, телята

Аннотация:

Использование промышленных технологий в животноводстве сопровождается повышением риска распространения и обострения инфекционных заболеваний животных дойного стада, снижением устойчивости к неблагоприятным факторам производственной среды. Цель данной работы – систематизация новейших данных по физиологическим аспектам формирования иммунного статуса и уровня резистентности к воздействию патогенов у крупного рогатого скота. Основные разделы: врожденный иммунитет; адаптивный (приобретённый, специфический) иммунитет; защитные функции слизистых оболочек; системные иммунные реакции; факторы иммунопатологий скота; иммунная система и кишечный микробиом; иммунная система и питание животных; иммунная функция при стельности и ранних отёлах; иммунная защита молочной железы (вымени); пассивная иммунная защита новорожденных телят; существующие вакцины и их эффективность; антимикробная и вспомогательная терапия крупного рогатого скота. Недостаточность имеющихся знаний в области регуляции иммунной функции у КРС и дефицит набора инструментов для иммунологических исследований препятствуют достижению прогресса по улучшению состояния здоровья коров и жизнеспособности молодняка. Крайне важно достигнуть прогресса в разработке новых вакцин и оптимизации их в ходе полевых испытаний. Необходима концентрация внимания на получение скота с более высокой жизнеспособностью, продуктивным долголетием и адаптивным иммунитетом.

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