Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
В обзоре проанализированы литературные и собственные экспериментальные данные авторов о влиянии физиологических факторов (стадия лактации, суточная продуктивность, упитанность, возраст и др.) на потребление корма у коров молочных пород. Влияние упитанности на свободное потребление корма рассматривается с трех точек зрения: 1) физические ограничения, обусловленные тем, что жир занимает определенный объем брюшной полости и конкурирует в этом отношении с рубцом; 2) интенсивная мобилизация жировых депо чревата ростом концентрации НЭЖК и кетоновых тел в крови и соответствующим торможением потребления; 3) жировая ткань выделяет в кровь гормоны (лептин) и другие биологически активные субстанции, усиливающие чувство насыщения. Использование балльной оценки кондиции (упитанности) коровы в качестве количественного показателя для оценки и прогнозирования потребления кормов наиболее эффективно в конце стельности и в начальный период лактации. При этом следует дифференцированно оценивать кондиции коровы и размеры тела, а также учитывать стадии лактации, возраст и генотипические особенности животных.
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