Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
Перенос ядер соматических клеток (Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer, SCNT) до настоящего времени был наиболее эффективным и жизнеспособным методом размножения ценных или находящихся под угрозой исчезновения животных. Более 99% эмбрионов или живого потомства, о которых ранее сообщалось, были получены с помощью подхода, основанного на микроманипуляциях, т.е. с использованием традиционного SCNT. При «ручном» клонировании (Hand-made Cloning, HMC) процедуры энуклеации ооцитов и реконструирования эмбрионов осуществляются в отсутствии zona pellucida, и все манипуляции проводятся без использования микроманипуляторов. К настоящему времени, в мире были получены положительные результаты по получению клонированного потомства от крупного рогатого скота, буйволов, овец, свиней и лошадей с использованием HMC. Цель исследования – апробация технологии клонирования крупного рогатого скота по методу HMC. Яичники коров голштинской породы были получены с местной бойни в течение 20–30 мин после убоя и доставляны в лабораторию в течение 3 ч. Изучена эффективность основных этапов технологии клонирования методом HMC: дозревание ооцитов крупного рогатого скота in vitro, с последующим их использованием в качестве доноров цитопластов; получение культуры соматических клеток от высокопродуктивной коровы голштинской породы, использование её в качестве клеток доноров кариопластов; активация, культивирование и трансплантация реконструированных эмбрионов корове-реципиенту, генетическое тестирование полученного потомства. В результате исследования впервые в Российской Федерации получена клонированная тёлочка голштинской породы с использованием метода HMC. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о возможности практического использования технологии HMC для получения потомства высокопродуктивных коров
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