Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. The aim was to study the effect of the presence of mercury in the feed on feeding behavior of carp Cyprinus carpio and the effects of peripherally administered serotonin at the background of high levels of mercury. In the first series of experiments, the fish of experimental and control groups were given Hg as feed additive with a concentration of Hg 0.17 and 0.001, or 0.09 and 0.001 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. In the second series for 1 h before the experiment, the control fish (fed without Hg) and experimental fish treated with Hg were injected intraperitoneal or intramuscular by 0.1 ml of hydrochloride of serotonin (5-HT) solution at a dose of 10 μg/g BW (trial 1). In the second experiment, the control fish received food without Hg, injected intraperitoneal solution of 5-HT or Ringer's solution, and experimental fish were given feed containing Hg plus administration of 5-HT. Observations were carried out over several days after injection of 5-HT. It is shown that the presence of Hg in the feed reduced the effects of 5-HT on the feeding behavior of fish. Long-term consumption of mercury with feed reduced the time needed to reach the feed and increases feed intake (amount of chironomids larvae eaten during 3 minutes of observation). Serotonin (10 μg/g BW) administered intraperitoneally or intramuscularly, slows the speed of feeding reaction and also reduces the feed intake of fish in the control group and to a lesser extent in the test fish receiving the feed contaminated with mercury. It is shown that long-term intake of mercury with food reduces the time needed the fish to reach feed and increases feed intake. Serotonin (10μg/g BW) administered intraperitoneally or intramuscularly, slows the speed of feed reaction and reduces the feed intake in control group and to a lesser extent in the test group of fish receiving the feed contaminated with mercury. Possible mechanisms of the influence of mercury and serotonin on feeding behavior of fish are discussed.
REFERENCES
1. Adams D.H., Sonne C., Basu N., Dietz R., Nam D-H., Leifsson P.S., Jensen A.L. Mercury contamination in spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus: An assessment of liver, kidney, blood, and nervous system health. Sci. Total Environ. 2010, 408: 5808-5816.
2. Andreeva N.G., Obukhov D.K. Evolyutsionnaya morfologiya nervnoi sistemy pozvonochnykh (Evolutionary morphology of the vertebrate nervous system). St. Petersburg: Lan Publ, 1999. – 381 p.
3. Bernier N.J., Peter R.E. The hypothalamic – pituitary – interregnal axis and the control of food intake in teleost fish. Compar. Biochem. Physiol. 2001, 129 B: 639-644.
4. Berntssen M.H.G., Atland A., Handy R.D. Chronic dietary mercury exposure causes oxidative stress, brain lesions, and altered behaviour in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr. Aquat. Toxicol. 2003, 65: 55-72.
5. Caamaño-Tubío R.I., Pérez J., Ferreiro S., Aldegunde M. Peripheral serotonin dynamics in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Compar. Biochem. Physiol. 2007, 129 C: 245-255.
6. Gremyachikh V.A., Komov V.T. In: Sostoyanie ekosistemy ozera Nero v nachale XXI veka (Statusof Lake Neroecosystem in the beginning ofthe XXI century, ed. V.I. Lazareva). Moscow: Nauka Publ., 2008, P.263-275.
7. Grippo, M.A., Heath, A.G. The effect of mercury on the feeding behavior of fathead minnous (Pimephales promelas). Ecotox. Environ. Safety. 2003, 55: 187-198.
8. De Boeck, G., Nillson G.E., Elofsson U., Vlaeminck A., Blust R. Brain monoamine levels and energy status in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after exposure to sublethal levels of copper. Aquatic Toxicol. 1995, 33: 265-277.
9. De Pedro N. Pinillos M.L., Valenciano A.I., Alonso-Bedate M., Delgado M.J. Inhibitory effect of serotonin on feeding behavior in goldfish: Involvement of CRF. Peptides. 1998, 19: 505-511.
10. Driscoll C.T., Mason R.P., Chan H.M., Jacob D.J., Pirrone N. Mercury as a global pollutant: Sources, pathways, and effects. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47: 4967-4983.
11. Kasumyan A.O. Voprosy ikhtiologii - Ichthyology Journal. 2001, 41(1): 82-95.
12. Komov V.T., Stepanova I.K. In: Ekologicheskie problemy Verkhnei Volgi(Environmental problemsof the Upper Volga, ed. A.I. Kopylov),Yaroslavl:GT University Publ., 2001, P. 239-243.
13. Konovalov Yu.D. Gidrobiologicheskii zhurnal - Journal of Hydrobiology. 2001, 37(1): 95-105.
14. Kuz’mina V.V. Fiziologo-biokhimicheskie osnovy ekzotrofii ryb (Physiological and biochemical principles of exotrophy processes in fishes). Moscow: Nauka Publ., 2005, 300 p.
15. Kuz’mina V.V. Effect of serotonin on exotrophy processes in fish]. In: New Developments in Serotonin Research. (Ed.D. Li Ming).Hauppauge, USA: Nova Science Publ., СH 5, 2015, P. 89-122.
16. Kuz’mina V.V., Garina D.V. Zhurnal Evolutsionoi Biochimii iPhysiologii -J. Evolut. Biochem. Physiol. 2001,37(1):116-120.
17. Kuz’mina V.V., Tarleva A.F., Garina D.V., Komov V.T. Toksikologicheskii vestnik - ToxicologyHerald. 2014, 2: 46-50.
18. Kuz’mina V.V., Garina D.V. Biologiya vnutrennikh vod - Biology of Inland Waters. 2013, 1: 73-81.
19. Lowry Ch. A., Moore F.L. Regulation of behavioral responses by corticotrophin-releasing factor. Gen. Compar. Endocrinol. 2006, 146: 19-27.
20. McCarter J.A, Matheson A.T., Roch M., Olafson R. W., Buckley J.T.Chronic exposure of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to sublethal concentrations of copper: Distribution of copper between high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight proteins in liver cytosol and the possible role of metallothionein in detoxification. Compar. Biochem. Physiol. 1982, 72(1): 21-26.
34. McCarter J.A., Roch M. Hepatic metallothionein and resistance to copper in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Compar. Biochem. Physiol. 1983, 74 C: 133-138.
21. Muto N., Ren H-W., Hwang G-S., Tominaga S., Itoh N., Tanaka K. Induction of two major isoforms of metallothionein in crucian carp (Carassius cuvieri) by air-pumping stress, dexamethasone, and metals. Compar. Biochem. Physiol. 1999, 122 C(1): 75-82.
22. Nemova N.N. Biokhimicheskie effekty nakopleniya rtuti u ryb (Biochemical effects of mercury accumulation in fish). Moscow: Nauka Publ., 2005, 164 p.
23. Paris-Palacios S., Biagianti-Risbourg S., Foley A., Vernet G. Metallothioneins in liver of Rutilus rutilus exposed to Cu2+. Analysis by metal summation, SH determination and spectrofluorimetry. Compar. Biochem. Physiol. 2000, 126(2): 113-122.
24. Perkins E. J., Griffin B., Hobbs M., Gollon J., Wolford L., Schlenk D. Sexual differences in mortality and sublethal stress in channel catfish following a 10 week exposure to copper sulfate. Aqut. Toxicol. 1997, 37(4): 327-339.
25. Perrot V., Pastukhov M., Epov V., Soren S., Donard O., Amouroux D. Higher mass-independent isotope fractionation of methylmercury in the pelagic food web of lake Baikal (Russia). Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46: 5902-5911.
26. Rubio V.C., Sanchez-Vazquez F.J., Madrid J.A. Oral serotonin administration affects the quantity and the quality of macronutrients selection in European see bass Dicentrarchus labrax L. Physiol. Behavior. 2006, 87: 7-15.
27. Tsai C.L., Jang T.H., Wang L.H. Effects of mercury on serotonin concentration in the brain of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Neurosci. Lett. 1995, 194(3): 208-211.
28. Sandheinrich M.B., Atchison G.J. Sublethal copper effects on bluegill, Lepomis macrochiris, foraging behavior. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1989, 46: 1977-1985.
29. Scheuhammer A.M., Meyer M.W., Sandheinrich M.B., Murray M.W. Effects of environmental methylmercury on the health of wild birds, mammals, and fish. AMBIO: J. Human Environ. 2007, 36(1): 12-19.
30. Stolyar O.B., Kurant V.Z., Khomenchuk V.A., Grubinko V.V. Gidrobiologicheskii zhurnal – Journal ofHydrobiology. 2003, 39(4): 91-98.
31. Wiener J. G.Mercury exposed: Advances in environmental analysis and ecotoxicology of a highly toxic metal. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013, 32(20): 2175-2178.
32. Weis J.S., Khan A.A.Effects of mercury on the feeding behavior of the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus from a polluted habitat. Mar. Environ. Res. 1990, 30(4): 243-249.