Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. The aim is interdisciplinary consideration and the formulation of the complex problems associated with the need to account inter-system relationships between immunity, neuro-endocrine regulation and nutritional factors, essential for the formation of defence functions. The main sections of the article: the relationships of immunity, neuro-endocrine regulation and temperament of animals (stress and homeostasis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sympathetic nervous system, temperament and immune function), the concept of system immunophysiological control of resistance, immunity and nutrition factors. Secretion of stress hormones, the level of lymphocyte proliferation and degree of inhibiting immune response depend upon animal’s temperament. Malnutrition (violation of energy-protein ratio, lack of vitamins, trace elements and others) has a negative effect on the phagocytic function of innate immunity and manifestation of adaptive immune responses, including the synthesis of cytokines, cell-mediated immunity and antibodies. Relationships between neuroendocrine functions and immunity are analyzed in the context of the existence of a common immune physiological supervision, the purpose of which is to monitor the level of general resistance to any physical, chemical and biological agents that can cause adverse effects or pathological state, and thereby to maintain the organism’s vitality. The specific component of the total resistance is provided by the adaptive immune response, non-specific component reflects the combined effects of innate immunity and broad scope of intracellular systems neutralizing or destructing harmful agents and repairing molecular damages. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between immunity, resistance and neuroendocrine status can help to identify potential reserves of vitality and find ways to implement them.
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