Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»

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Studying the factors of pituitary-adrenocortical regulation and nonspecific adaptive reactions in broiler chickens

¹Kolesnik E.A., ²Derkho M.A.

¹Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology, Chelyabinsk;

²South-Ural State Agricultural University, Troitsk, Russian Federation

Номер: 1
Страницы: 81-91

Журнал: Problemy biologii productivnykh zhivotnykh - Problems of Productive Animal Biology

Ключевые слова:

ACTH, chicken-broilers, cortisol, heterophyles, homeostasis, lymphocytes, non-specific adaptation reactions

Аннотация:

ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was an evaluating the state of the immune system, factors of pituitary-adrenocortical regulation, the features of their relationship and the system characteristics of non-specific adaptation reactions in broiler chickens during ontogenesis. The object of the study was broiler chickens cross Hubbard F15, which formed four age groups (n = 10 in each group for the age 1, 7, 23 and 42 days.). Blood samples were obtained by decapitation of 1- and 7-day old birds and by the axillary vein vacuum puncture in 23- and 42-day old chicks. To characterize the non-specific adaptation reactions and the factors of their regulation, two indices − heterophyle/lymphocyte and ACTH/cortisol were calculated and a factor analysis was performed using data on blood cells and hormones (ACTH, cortisol) aimed to identify the latent factors (components), which determine the structure of correlations between the variables measured in the experiment. The level of ACTH in the blood increased with the age (P<0.001), that of cortisol was not significantly altered. The number of red blood cells is characterized by a slight decrease from 7 to 23 days (P<0.05) with a further increase to the 42^th day. Trends of changes in the number of lymphocytes were backward to shifts in the amount of heterophyles: the peak of the number of lymphocytes in 7-ds age (18.20±1.08 × 10⁹/L) corresponded to the minimum quantity of heterophyles (6.41±0.69 × 10⁹/L). Since the 23-day age, the number of heterophyles and lymphocytes stabilized. At 1-day age, the active postnatal adaptation reactions occur, in 7-day age, reactions of reserve adaptation are observed, which corresponds to the phase of the non-specific adaptive response and preparation for forced physiological loads. During 2nd and 3rd decades (after 23 d) the intense poly-modification adaptation reactions are manifested. The period of 4^th −5^th decade (after 42 d) is characterized by the adaptation reactions of primary stabilization. The data obtained suggest that the system of non-specific adaptive reactions in the early ontogenesis in broiler chickens is characterized by the presence of age-related functional relationships of pituitary-adrenocortical and hematologic elements; the direction of these relations is specific to different stages of ontogenesis.

Литература:

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