Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. When developing physiologically justified methods of immunostimulation during the milking period of calf rearing, it is important to take into account the patterns of formation of immunity and the development of nonspecific resistance in the colostrum. The aim of the work is to study the effect of various immunomodulators on the level of colostral immunity in calves, the morphological composition of blood, immunological and biochemical indicators of calves' blood and the development of non-specific resistance. The experience on the enrichment of the mother colostrum with the addition of Calvicol (Switzerland) dry colostrum with the first and second drink in the amount of 25 g per 2.5 liters of the mother colostrums was carried out, and a series of experiments with the parenteral administration to deep-pregnant cows the stimulators for the synthesis of immunoglobulins in the mammary gland and their secretion with colostrum. In four experiments, the cows were injected intramuscularly three to six days before the calving four stimulators : I − thymogen in a dose of 1.2 mg; II − roncoleukin (interleukin-2 preparation) in a dose of 0.2 mg or polyoxidonium in a dose of 6 mg once; III − synestrol or synestrol + rhoncoleukin; IV − polyoxidonium in combination with synestrol. With the addition of colostrum to newborn calves, the level of immunoglobulins in the blood on the 10th day was increased by 30% against control (P<0.05) and remained elevated by 13-14% on the 20th and 30th days. In exp. 1, a rise in the level of immunoglobulins in the blood (P<0.05) was observed in calves a day after birth. In exp. II, in calves, 24 hours after birth, was observed a rise in the level of beta and gamma globulins in the blood, a total protein, as well as a higher content of leukocytes than in the control (P<0.05), mainly due to lymphocytes (P<0.05). In exp. III, in calves of experimental groups, an increase in the indices of general resistance and increase in live weight was observed (P<0.05.). In exp. IV, in calves 24 hours after birth, an increase was observed in blood levels of immunoglobulins by 19% (P<0.05), albumins by 21% and hemoglobin by 15% (P<0.05), in comparison with control.Concluded that for the stable formation of colostral immunity and the development of nonspecific resistance in calves during the milk growing period, it is advisable to administer parenterally roncoleukin in a dose of 0.2 mg in combination with synestrol at a dose of 1 ml to deep-pregnant cows 3 to 6 days before the proposed calving.
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