Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
Black-and-White сows of Samara type have increased milk yield, output of milk fat and protein. The aim was to study the polymorphism and assess alleles and genotypes frequencies for loci of kappa-casein, beta-lactoglobulin and combinations of complex genotypes in herds of cows of Samara type and in Holstein and Holsteins×Black-and-White bull-sires. Preparations of DNA were extracted from the blood of 129 cows and from semen of 9 bull-sires. In the studied samples from two farms, the frequencies for allele A of kappa-casein were 0.84 and 0.91, for allele B − 0.16 and 0.09. The frequencies for allele B of beta-lactoglobulin were 0.54 and 0.42, for allele A − 0.47 and 0.58. In population of Samara type cows, there were identified genotypes AA for kappa-casein gene, AB for beta-lactoglobulin gene, complex genotypes AB/AA, BB/AA, AA/AA and genotypes BB/BB, AB/BB, AA/BB were missing. The frequency for allele B of kappa-casein in bull-sires was 0.166, the frequency of allele A − 0.834. The frequency for allele B of beta-lactoglobulin was 0.388, and the frequency of allele A − 612. In bulls of Black-and-White breed, the prevalence of B alleles was indicated for beta-lactoglobulin, and vice versa, allele A of kappa-casein gene. More common were complex genotypes AB/AA, AA/AA and AA/AB. Further work on the improvement of the Samara-type is advisable to carry out in the direction of increasing the genetic potential for milk production, milk fat and protein output using DNA technology.
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