Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. The aim of the work was to determine the genotypic patterns of gene RYR1 in pigs of breeds Large White, Yorkshire, Landrace, Duroc and Landrace × Yorkshire hybrid, Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc in herds of Orel and Tula region of RF. The study of DNA isolated from the blood of 1083 purebred and hybrid pigs of 8 countries of origin (23 herds), showed that the frequency of normal allele N and mutant allele n, across the studied sample is 0.915 and 0.085 respectively, which determined a high concentration of stress resistant genotype NN − 87.4%. Thus, the majority of animals tested have genotypic resistance to stress. The frequency of the genotype Nn in all tested sample is 8.3%. These animals are phenotypically resistant to stress, but are carriers of the defective allele. Stress sensitive nn genotype in all investigated samples occurs with a frequency of 4.3%, ranging from 0 to 14.3%, depending on the species and origin. Animals with this genotype are hypersensitive to the effects of stress factors, and should be subject to culling in industrial and breeding farms, since under the influence of stressors of various origins, the increased mortality of these animals is probable, as well as the increased fraction of meat with signs PSE and DFD after slaughter. The highest frequency of mutations was found among hybrids of Landrace × Yorkshire − .106 × Landrace and Yorkshire × Duroc − 0.109. In Large White and Landrace breeds, the frequency of mutant allele was less significant − 0,059. In Large White and Yorkshire pigs this gene was found only in herds of Russian breeding. Overall, the findings indicate a considerable variation in frequency of the genotype Nn and stress-sensitive genotype nn depending on the breed and the country of origin of the animal.
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