Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. Under natural conditions, phenols are formed in the process of metabolism of aquatic organisms, as well as in the biochemical decay and transformation of organic substances in water and bottom sediments. At higher concentrations, phenol and, especially, its derivatives become hazardous to living organisms. The toxicity of phenols increases in the series: pyrogallol, resorcinol, phenol, cresols, xylenols, nitrophenols, naphthols, hydroquinone, chlorophenols. A particularly significant amount of phenol and its derivatives is supplied to water bodies and waterways with sewage from the pulp and paper, woodworking, chemical, oil and metallurgical industries. However, despite the wide distribution of phenols in aquatic environments, their concentration rarely reaches the level of acute toxicity. In this regard, hydrobionts are more exposed to the risk of chronic exposure. The review contains data on the reaction of fish from natural ecosystems, as well as model fish species (Danio rerio zebrafish, Carassius auratus silver crucian carp) to the chronic effects of phenol and its derivatives. Particular attention is paid to the effects of phenol, chlorophenols, nitrophenols and dinitrophenols. Data are given on the properties, as well as the accumulation of phenol and some of its derivatives in the fish body. The influence of phenol and its derivatives on the structure of organs and tissues, the physiological and biochemical status, as well as the embryonic development of fish, is considered. Information on the effect of phenol and its derivatives on various systems of the fish organism is systematized: nervous, endocrine, immune, reproductive and digestive. The mechanisms of the toxic effect of phenol and its derivatives are described.
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