Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. The aim is systematization of the results of research on the prevention of subclinical rumen acidosis (SRA) in cows with the use of feed buffer additives. Subclinical SRA in high-yielding cows is widespread. The losses from SRA in USA are on average about 1.12 USD/cow/day, so the use of feed additives for the prevention of SRA has become the standard practice. Sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide and mixtures of various substances are usually used. Sodium bicarbonate is a natural substance found in the saliva, it enters into the rumen in a large quantity, but at high level of feeding, this quantity is not sufficient to maintain optimal pH in rumen content. The range of amounts of saliva produced is wide enough (5 to 10 liters per 1 kg of dry matter consumed) that directly affect the physiology of the digestion. By normal secretion of saliva, approximately 3 kg of sodium bicarbonate and about 1 kg of sodium hydrogen phosphate is secreted into the rumen per day. When consumption of roughage, the quantity of saliva released is significantly more than when eating concentrate, so with the increase of the proportion of concentrates in the daily ration, there is a decrease in saliva secretion that contributes to the emergence of acidosis. Buffering agents maintain pH in a certain range, while the deoxidizing agents (neutralizers) increase the pH, depending on their concentration in the medium. For some substances, this action is limited by solubility which decreases with increasing pH. The maximum efficiency of the use of buffer additives is noted in the first 2-3 months of lactation in the following cases: 1) expected subclinical rumen acidosis, 2) corn silage and silage from other cereals represent the bulk of roughage, 3) roughage is finely shredded, 4) mixed balanced ration has a moisture content 55-60%, 5) low content of crude fiber in ration, 6) level of concentrates in ration is above 50% and contains ˃35% of easily fermentable sugars, 7) low fat milk, 8) weak rumination, 9) problems with limbs, 10) high ambient temperature. In reality, it is difficult to find a herd in which one or more of these factors would be not present in various combinations, which generally predetermined the widespread use of buffer additives. Recommended doses of buffer feed additives comprise 0.8-1.6% by weight of feed dry matter. In applying the buffer additives, it is necessary to control the magnitude of the anion-cation balance, which is calculated according to the content of basic anions and cations in ration, and pH of urine is determined with the aim of control. Despite extensive international experience in this field, the study continues of the influence of substances having buffer properties, since the use of buffer additives in practice is not always effective. This indicates the complexity of the problem, in particular, due to the variety of conditions of feeding and housing of animals.
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