Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. The main problems associated with feeding pigs after weaning from the sow, are most pronounced in the first week after weaning. At this time, under the influence of the changed feeding, the reformatting of the gastrointestinal tract takes place, so the nutrition strategy should be flexible and take into account the characteristics of the organism, which are changed weekly. In post weaning period, the main goals of this strategy are as follows: 1) to ensure the rapid morphological and physiological changes in the intestinal mucosa in a favorable direction; 2) to increase the reactivity of the immune system to normal levels; 3) prevent excessive growth of pathogenic microorganisms and encourage the growth of beneficial microflora; 4) to activate digestive functions. The implementation of each of these positions is achieved by the use of different feed additives. However, it should be borne in mind that the use of a single feed additive may increase the growth and safety of pigs, but the overall efficiency of feed additives is up for debate, and can manifest itself only in a certain area conditions. The lack of expected results from the use of a given dietary supplement does not indicate an absence of evidence of its inherent properties, but it indicates the lack of validity of its application. The use of feed additives should be aimed at eliminating the bottle necks in metabolism. A successful definition of the process that limits efficiency, and reasonable use of the active substance that is necessary to restore the normal function of the limiting process, leads to the complete functioning of the entire system. It can not be substantiated the simultaneous use of more than two or three feed additives, a good combination of which are not summed, but enhances the action of one of them. The choice of additives should be directed primarily at eliminating the causes of the negative effects, not at the eliminating of the consequences. Sometimes it is enough to review the structure of the diet, taking into account the functional properties of the ingredients. In recent years, the concept is developing that provides the effects on metabolism directly in the intestinal wall. The key metabolites are identified in enterocytes, affecting the use of nutrients, thart have to be taken into account when designing rations.
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