Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. In connection with the appearance on the world market of transgenic agricultural animals (goats, cows) producing deficient medicinal substances with milk, including human lactoferrin, questions are being actively discussed on the possible directions of development of this field of research and ensuring the safety of the products obtained. As shown by numerous studies, lactoferrin (human and bovine, recombinant and native), has a great therapeutic potential, which until now is practically not used because of the scarcity of the traditional source of its production (human milk in the early periods of lactation). The purpose of this work is to systematize data on the physicochemical properties and biological functions of human lactoferin (hLF) and its recombinant forms (rhLF) used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, as well as to evaluate the prospects for solving the problem of LF deficiency based on new biotechnologies. Since 1980, attempts have been made to obtain rhLF using genetic engineering technologies; the most successful of them are cloning of the hLF gene in the eukaryotic microorganism Aspergilus (Agenix, USA), the creation of transgenic cattle (Pharming, the Netherlands) and transgenic goats (a joint project of the Union State of Russia-Belarus), producing milk with hLF. The safety of rcLF from transgenic cows' milk has been tested in rats. Although the main composition of the milk of transgenic and ordinary cows was practically the same, certain differences were found in the glycosylation profile of the rhLF of the milk of transgenic cows and hLF of breast milk. The obtained bitransgenic cattle with simultaneous with milk expression of two biologically active human proteins - LF and lysozyme. Due to the threat of rabies, there are restrictions on the use of cow's milk in Europe. Goats have no illnesses common to humans. The continuation of research work in laboratories in different countries in the world leads to the improvement of technologies for obtaining rhLF and to the discovery of new areas of its application in bio-medical technologies. In this regard, the continuation of research on a joint project of Belarus and the Russian Federation with the aim of obtaining and using rhLF forms of pharmacological purpose becomes relevant.
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