Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
Energy and protein (amino acids) are the main factors determining animal productivity, but quantitative aspects of the relationship between them are yet under investigated. For the effective use of modern methods of zootechnic management, including computerized systems of animal nutrition, the basic scientific principles and quantitative relationships must be well realized. Without this fundament, it is very hard to evaluate the advantages of different systems of animal nutrition and specialized software. The review has following main subdivisions: difficulties in the evaluation of physiological requirements for nutrients; problems of amino acid balancing; conception of ideal protein; effects of the level of nutrition, age and genotype; empirical, factorial and system-physiological approaches to estimate requirements for amino acids and energy. There are summarized the results of experimental studies performed on growing and lactating cattle, pigs and other animal species. On the bases of literature data and own investigations, the idea is substantiated that a most adequate description of the relationship between energy and protein can be realized in the framework of the holistic functional model of the production processes.
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