Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. The state of chronic stress in animals caused by various exogenous factors is always accompanied by a state of excitation in the central nervous system, by neurodegenerative disorder of the body functions, metabolic and physiological disorders, immune abnormalities. To increase the stress resistance, productivity and non-specific resistance of animals, it is necessary to maintain the balance of functions of the nervous, immune, endocrine, antioxidant and monooxygenase systems. The analysis of the literature data and the results of the authors' own studies suggest that an increase in the stress resistance and productivity of animals can be achieved by reducing the level of free radical oxidation, optimizing the lipid-cholesterol and hormonal status using anti-stress drugs of a new generation, which include organic lithium salts. Unlike numerous synthetic tranquilizers and sedatives affecting neuroreceptors, organic lithium salts affect the neurophysiological activity of the animal without affecting the neuroreceptor apparatus of the brain; they are involved in the regulation of neurosynaptic activity by inhibiting the enzymes responsible for the major degradation pathway of γ-aminobutyric acid (by inhibiting GABA-decarboxylase and GABA-aminotransferase). There are reasons to consider this way of increasing stress resistance not only more effective, but also more physiological. Lithium salts with ascorbic acid, oxyglycine and γ-aminobutyric acid affect the neurohumoral status mainly by a decrease in the level of free radical oxidation, including lipoperoxidation. Lithium ions, supplied with food and water, contribute to the maintenance of normal central nervous system (CNS) excitability and the tone of blood vessels by reducing the excessive concentration of noradrenaline in CNS and normalizing the level of sodium ions in the nerve and muscle cells. The complex nature of the neuroleptic effect of lithium preparations is explained by the existence of several ways by which lithium ions occur influence on physiological processes. With a sufficient supply of lithium, the sensitivity of the brain to dophamine increases. Lithium ions affect the homeostasis of neurotransmitters, increase the synthesis of neurotrophic factors and the sensitivity of the cells of the nervous system to their effects. Further study of the physiological effect of organic lithium salts will expand the understanding of the mechanism of anti-stress action of drugs of this type and outline the real ways to increase the stress resistance, productivity and nonspecific resistance of animals.
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