Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. Due to the interdiction on the use of feed antibiotics in the EU in 2006, there is a need to expand the use of probiotics and feed additives as an alternative to fodder antibiotics. The purpose of this work is to review current data on the development and use of new probiotics in animal husbandry and new approaches to the correction of dysbiotic violations. In addition to normalizing the intestinal microflora, probiotics have additional positive effects − metabolic, immunological, anti-inflammatory and also stimulating local immunological defense. The lactobacillus metabolism products, in addition to lactic acid, are antibiotic-like substances that have an antimicrobial effect against both closely related bacteria and to representatives of the opportunistic and pathogenic microflora. One of the most promising species for the production of lactobacilli probiotics is Lactobacillus reuteri. In the process of Lactobacillus reuteri metabolism, acetic, lactic and butyric acids, carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide are formed. Acetic acid inhibits the activity of yeasts, fungi and some microorganisms, and has an antimicrobial effect on pathogenic microorganisms. Butiric acid is a source of energy for enterocytes and has anti-tumor properties. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide have an antimicrobial effect on pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, Lactobacillus reuteri synthesizes several unique substances − reuterin (ß-hydroxypropionic aldehyde) with a wide spectrum of activity against common pathogens of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as reutericyclin (cyclic tetramic acid, active primarily against gram-positive bacteria). Investigations of the authors have shown that the addition of Lactobacillus reuteri to feedstuffs in calves has an optimizing effect on the formation of intestinal microflora and nonspecific resistance, substantially increases their prophylactic efficacy in digestion disorders and growth of live weight. A conclusion is made about the prospects for the production and use in the animal industry of probiotic preparations based on Lactobacillus reuteri.
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