Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. The aim of this work is to systematize the literature data and the results of the authors' research on the physiological mechanisms of reproductive processes in cows and develop technological methods that facilitate the formation of natural ovulatory cycles, fertilization and the production of healthy offspring. When carrying out technological monitoring and developing new technologies for the reproduction of cows, it is important to: 1) take into account the individual features of restoring estrous cycles in heifers during puberty and in cows after calving in certain feeding conditions, technical maintenance and operation; 2) control of biochemical composition of blood and levels of hormonal regulators to determine the conditions for the resumption of ovulatory cycles; 3) measures aimed at normalizing of the estrus cycles in cows and shortening the period between calving. The presence of metabolic disturbances in the postpartum period often prevents the renewal of estrous cycles necessary for fertilization, regardless of the level of hormonal regulators in the blood. The increase in financial costs in animal husbandry is often associated with an increase in the interval between calving, which in turn is related to the prolongation of the anestrus period and the probability of passing anovulatory cycles. Methods of diagnostic the functional state of the ovaries using biochemical blood markers can identify healthy animals that are potentially ready for fertilization and pregnancy, and determine the optimal period of the estrous cycle for fertilization. It was established that an increase in the level of individual fractions of lipids in the blood in cows is a necessary condition for the resumption of the functional activity of the ovaries and the formation of normal estrous cycles. The introduction of methods for stimulating reproduction in healthy cows in animal husbandry on the basis of the use of complexes of biologically active substances adapted to the conditions of feeding having antioxidant properties, preparations from animal tissues (placenta) or containing phytoecdysteroids of plants, can promote the regular passage of reproductive cycles with an optimal period between calving and optimization length of productive life of animals.
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