Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. The aim of the work was to study digestibility of feed nutrients and metabolizable energy intake in horses of Yakut breed in the winter and spring periods. The experiments were carried out on groups of pregnant mares (n=4) and gelding (n=3) at the age of 7-8 months in winter (February) and spring (April) periods. In the experience with pregnant mares, the daily air temperature in the winter was -37 ...- 40 ° C, and in the spring -10 ... -15 ° C, in the experiment on geldings the average temperature in winter was -34 ° C, in the spring, on average, 11 ° C. During the experience horses were fed hay of the same composition 3-4 times a day. The intake of metabolizable energy was determined by the calculation with the use of data of the chemical composition of the feed and nutrients digestibility. In the case of geldings and mares, when using hay as monocorm, a higher consumption of metabolizable energy (MJ per day and 100 kg of live weight) was established in winter (at an average temperature of -34-40 ° C) compared with the spring period, and also higher digestibility coefficients of the main nutrients of the feed; in mares, digestibility was higher for raw protein, crude fiber and NFE (P <0.01), for geldings −for crude fiber (P <0.05). Previously identified in ruminants, increased rumenal fermentation in the cold season was interpreted as an additional source of heat from the increased activity of microorganisms. The results obtained are in agreement with previously published data (Shlygina, 1973) on the increase in cellulosolytic activity of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract in horses in winter. This increases the digestibility of essential nutrients, and as a result, the consumption of metabolizable energy increases. In the spring, the digestibility of feed nutrients is reduced, which leads to a decrease in the consumption of dry matter and metabolizable energy. The results of the study are expected to be used when improving the technology of winter feeding for different age and sex groups of Yakut horses, depending on the season of the year.
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