Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
Niyazov N.S.-A., Rodionova O.N.
Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Nutrition of Animals, Borovsk, Russian Federation
ABSTRACT. The experiment was conducted on crossbred pigs (♂ Danish Yorkshire ♀ Danish landrace), which at the age of 55 days were divided into three groups of 10 heads each. Piglets of the group I received mixed concentrate with the content of crude protein (CP) during the periods of growing and fattening 158 and 145 g/kg of feed respectively, and the content of essential amino acids and metabolizable energy (ME) according to the norms adopted in Russian Federation. Pigs of groups II and III received mixed feeds similarly to group I, but with increased by 5 and 10% levels of amino acids (lysine, methionine and threonine) according to their true availability in the intestine, and ME by 5%. In the period up to the live weight of 20 kg, ME content in 1 kg of feed was 13.33 MJ/kg, CP − 158 g, lysine − 10.08 g (available 9.0 g), threonine − 6.09 g (available − 5.33 g), the sum of methionine + cystine − 5.04 g (available − 4.19 g); in the growing period − 13.3 MJ, 158 g, 8.08 g (6.39 g), 5.26 g (4.46 g) and 5.04 g (4.23 g), and during the fattening period −12.3 MJ, 145 g, 7.49 g (3.97 g), 4.93 g (4.43 g) and 4.72 g (3.97 g), respectively. At the same time, during these periods the ratio of lysine to ME (g/MJ) was 0.79; 0.61 and 0.51, lysine to the sum of methionine + cystine - 0.50, 0.62 and 0.62 and to threonine − 0.62, 0.65 and 0.66. The concentration of total protein and serum creatinine in the pigs of the test groups was higher at the end of the experiment (P<0.05), and the urea concentration was lower (P<0.05) vs control group, which indicates a more effective use of amino acids in biosynthetic processes. The live weight in pigs of groups II and III was by 9.8 (P<0.05) and 8.2% (P<0.05) higher in comparison with group I. The mean daily weight gain in the experimental groups (871 and 862 g) was higher by 65 and 56 g (P<0.05) than in the control group. In II and III groups, there was a decrease in feed, CP and ME consumption per unit of production in comparison with control. The effectiveness of the use of ME in pigs of II and III groups was by 6.2 and 1.4% higher vs control. In general, the optimal balancing of diets provides better growth characteristics, the use of nitrogenous substances and energy, allows to reduce the nitrogen emission into the environment, and to obtain high-quality pork with good economic returns.
REFERENCES