Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. Although organic acids (OA) have long been used as feed additives, the results of their use are unstable. Recommendations for the use of imported OA preparations often do not have sufficient scientific justification if they do not take into account the actual values of acid-binding capacity (ABC) and cation-anion balance (CAB) in diets. The purpose of this work is to systematize the data of experimental studies on the effect of ABC of feeds and the magnitude of electrolyte balance on the productive effects of piglets and sows. Main sections – ABC and CAB in feeds for swine, interconnection of ABC and CAB, influence of feeds with different CABs on the physiological state and productivity of piglets, effects of negative CAB in sows. The analysis of data from studies in which the pigs in the feed were added formic, fumaric or butyric acid or calcium benzoate, which replaced carbonic acid. The piglets were subjected to operations of overlying ileocecal anastomosis and fistulas for the selection of intestinal сhyme. Formic and fumaric acids appeared to be ineffective when feeding pigs grown in the range of 30 to 100 kg of LW in rations, despite the fact that they significantly reduced the pH of the intestinal contents in the consumption of feeds with low CAB. The action of the elements included in the formula for calculating CAB is manifested in the body after absorption as a result of exposure to the electrolyte balance and the acid-base reserve of the body. Variations of CAB on the background of different diets have different effects on metabolism and on productivity. Estimates of ABC and electrolyte balance of feed for pigs are given. In critical periods of growth of piglets, i.e. from the time of withdrawal and in the next 3 weeks it is advisable to feed with CAB from -70 to 0 meq/kg, then the balance of feed ions is raised to 120-250 meq/kg. Feed with a negative balance (from 0 to - 70 meq/kg) should be fed to sows, starting 7-10 days before the farrowing and in the next 7 days after it. The standards in the literature on the electrolyte balance of feed for pigs are normative and require clarification in a particular situation. A reliable criterion for making a decision about the optimal amount of CAB is urine pH.
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