Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. Particular attention is paid to mycotoxins in recent years, due to the fact that highly productive animals and birds of modern breeds and crosses are very sensitive to mycotoxins, and the requirements for sanitary quality of food products is constantly increasing in the world. In Russia, the problem of contamination of feed silage by mycotoxins is much sharper than the contamination of grain and mixed feeds by these compounds. Infection of green mass, silage and haylage by mycotoxins occurs in all climatic zones, the content of mycotoxins in green and silage feed is often greater than the values permitted in regulations of the Customs Union. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility of reducing the content of mycotoxins in silage feeds in a Central European zone of Russian Federation. The object of research were perennial grasses 1st hay cutting (timothy, orchard grass, fescue, perennial ryegrass, Festulolium) and alfalfa.Freshly cut mass was ensilaged in the usual way, wilting mass silage in the usual way, with the drugs and Biotroph Biotroph 111 based on Lactobacillus plantarum andBacillus subtilis, respectively, as well as with ammonia water at 0.4% by weight. Silage was prepared in the usual way, and with the introduction of Biotroph. For the treatment of alfalfa silage by flavobacterium, commercial preparation ERA No. 1 was used, consisted of these microorganisms. The initial green mass and finished feed were analyzed for mycotoxins (aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, toxin T-2, zearalenon, deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin). When semiensiling and ensiling green mass, including the use of Biotrof and Biotrof 111, as well as its chemical preservation by ammonia, any significant reduction of mycotoxins is not happening. The main way to reduce the negative effects of aflatoxins in animals should be considered the use of adsorbents that effectively neutralize these toxins, preventing them from entering into the milk of cows. Other mycotoxins (zearalenon, ochratoxin A, toxin T-2 and DON) bind worse by adsorbents. A similar results were obtained by processing silage feed by some strains of flavobacterium. For reliable prevention of mycotoxin in cattle in Russian Federation, it is necessary to prevent the development of fungi on vegetative plants for the reliable prevention of mycotoxicosis in cattle. The necessary actions include the cultivation of varieties of forage grasses that are resistant to fungal diseases, pre-sowing treatment of seeds, compliance with science-based crop rotations, application of balanced doses of organic and mineral fertilizers, liming acid soils, drainage and irrigation facilities, as well as the fight against weeds - carriers of plant pathogens.
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