Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. The aim of the work is to study the features of chemical composition of skeletal muscles, liver and gonads of the bream Abramis brama L. of the Gorky water reservoir. Studies were conducted on bream, differing by age and stage of gonad maturity. In tissue samples of fish, the relative content of water, dry matter, fat, protein, nitrogen-free extractives (NFE) and ash was determined. It is shown that chemical composition of the examined tissues depends on species fish, trophic status and sex. The amount of protein and minerals in the muscles of bream is less than in pike perch (predator) and crochet (planktophag), the amount of fat is less than in sabrefish. The content of protein in the muscles of juvenile individuals was greater compared to mature bream. Compared with internal organs, skeletal muscle accumulates more protein and minerals, in the gonads intensively accumulates dry matter, including fat. The liver is characterized by a high content of water and NFE. At the same time, the muscles contain the least amount of fat and NFE, and gonads accumulate the least amount of protein and ash. The process of ripening gonads in fish is accompanied by significant changes at the cellular and biochemical level, while the overall growth slows down, and proteins and lipids are transferred from the somatic tissues to the reproductive organs. Changes in the chemical composition of gonads are primarily related to the maturation of sexual products and to a lesser extent depend on the age of the fish. During the maturation of gonads, both in males and infemales, water and NFE content does increase, the proportion of dry matter and fat decreases. In males, the proportion of protein and ash materials increases in males, and in females it decreases. The higher dry matter content in the gonads of males and females at the stage of maturity of the reproductive glands II, compared to stage III, indicates that the maturation of sexual products preceded by the accumulation of nutrients that are consumed in stage III. The study of shifts in the chemical composition of tissues and organs can serve for the purposes of assessing trophic status, and also as an indicator of the ecological state of fish populations and environment in which they live.
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