Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
On the data of 40 breeding farms of Kirov region, 27229 first lactation cows, daughters of 329 bulls, 27 lines, the comparative analysis of different methods to estimate line effects were performed: on the average phenotypic values (AV), on one-way (LS1) and 6-way (LS6) Least Squares models. The breeding values of lines (EBVL) were calculated on the basis of estimated bull’ breeding value (EBV as to BLUP). There was indicated that AV-method does not give an objective estimate of lines on live weight and milk traits. LS1-method also gives the biased estimates of the influence power and the effects of factor «line». Under using of LS6-method (herd, year, month at calving, genetic group as percent of Holstein’s genes, the remaining sums of squares were reduced by 30-65%, determination coefficients were raised 6-8 times, the contribution of factor «line» into variability of traits has decreased 10 times vs LS1 method. The coefficients of correlation AV-estimates − LS1-estimates were equal 1, that of AV − LS6 and LS1 − LS6 were in the range 0,14-0,35. Correlations EBVL c LS6-estimations were 0,53-0,84 (statistically significant at α= 0,05). In analyzed sample, two-thirds of bulls and three fourth of the cows belong to four Holstein lines. According to EBVL, Chieftain’s and Rocket’s lines were neutral. Ideal’s and Sovereign’s lines have statistically significant EBVL on milk yield ( +98 and +108 kg respectively). Twenty two small Russian lines have negative generalized EBVL. As a whole, breeding lines, as system of breeding work, is not effectively. Beginning in 1970, holsteinization has generated very much number of high producing animals, which has stimulated scientists and breeders to creation of intra-breed types. In the Russia, there was formed the colonial system of breeding with permanent use of the pool gene of Holstein breed. For organization of national breed production, the evolutional changes are needed: from import of genetic material to promoting contemporary selection methods, reproductive and molecular-genetic technologies, information systems. It is important to switch from momentary ”selection achievements” to targeted methodical refinements of holsteinized population on the basis of the optimized breeding program with dosed use of Holstein gene pool.
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