Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. The aim of the study is the development of a new antistress agent to reduce the impact of technological stress factors in growing and fattening pigs. The experiment was carried out on 5 groups of Irish landrace pigs (4 experimental and 1 control group), 10 pigs each in the age period from 60 to 210 days. Animals I, II, III and IV experimental groups were fed daily with the food of ascorbate lithium in the form of powder in a dose of 10, 5, 2 and 0.5 mg/kg LW during the entire period. Weighing was done before the introduction of the drug, on the 4th month and before slaughter. Before the animals were put into the experiment and on the 180th day of the experiment, blood samples were taken. Triacylglycerols, total protein and globulins of various fractions, lipoprotein fractions, adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol and progesterone, malonic dialdehyde, thiol-disulphide ratio (SH/SS), activity of superoxide dismutase were determined in blood plasma. In groups I, II, III and IV, the increase in live weight over the entire period of the experiment was higher than in the control group by 16, 13; 12 and 8%, respectively (P<0.05). The yield of the carcass in the test groups was higher, and the amount of internal fat was less, in comparison with control (P<0.05). As a result of the impact of technological stressors, the increase in the blood level of catecholamines, hemoglobin, erythrocytes and lymphocytes occurs in fattening animals, which indicates the mobilization of energy resources, the bactericidal and phagocytic activity of cellular elements. When administered lithium ascorbate with feed from the 60th day to slaughter at a dosage of 10, 5 and 2 mg/kg LW, lithium ascorbate exhibits pronounced adaptogenic and stress protective properties, prevents sharp increase in adrenaline and norepinephrine levels, maintains concentration of cortisol in the systemic bloodstream at a physiological level. By acting on protein and lipid metabolism, lithium ascorbate activates functions associated with the participation of α- and β-globulins in the transport of lipids, steroid hormones, and in the performance of γ-globulin protective functions. Lithium ascorbate has a positively effect on the lipid-cholesterol metabolism and antioxidant status and, as a result, contributes to the increase in the growth of live weight and the quality of meat.
REFERENCES
1. Cannon W. B. Organization for physiological homeostasis. Physiology Reviews. 1929, 9: 399-431.
2. Carrasco G.A., Van De Kar L.D. Neuroendocrine pharmacology of stress. Eur. J. Pharm. 2003, 463(1-3): 235-272.
3. Charmandari E., Tsigos C., Chrousos G. Endocrinology of the stress response. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 2005, 67: 259-284.
4. Curley K.O. Jr., Neuendorff D.A., Lewis A.W., Cleere J.J., Welsh T.H., Randel R.D. Functional characteristics of the bovine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis vary with temperament. Hormones and Behavior. 2008, 53(1): 20-27.
5. Dedkova A.I., Sergeeva N.N. Vestnik Orlovskogo GAU - Herald of Orlov State Agricultutal University. 2010, 3: 84-87.
6. Galochkin V.A., Malinenko P.E., Maistrov V.I. [The glutathione system as a criterion for the antioxidant status of animals]. Nauchnye trudy VNIIFBiP – Proc. Inst. Physiol., Biochem., Nutr. Farm Anim. 2005, 24: 97-113.
7. Gibbs D.M., Vale W. Presence of corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in hypophysial portal blood. Endocrinology, 1982, 111(4): 1418-1420.
8. Gus’kov A.N. Vliyanie stress-faktora na sostoyanie sel’skokhozyaistvennykh zhivotnykh [The influence of the stress factor on the state of farm animals]. Moscow: Agropromizdat Publ., 1994, 91 p.
9. Iwasaki A., Medzhitov R. Regulation of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system. Science. 2010, 327(5963): 291-295.
10. Khrapova N.G. Issledovanie sinteticheskikh i prirodnykh antioksidantov in vivo i in vitro (Study of synthetic and natural antioxidants in vivo and in vitro). Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1992, 193 р.
11. Kislinskaya L.G., Meshkov V.M., Zhukov A.P. Vestnik Orlovskogo GAU - Herald of Orlov State Agricultutal University. 2015, 55(5): 93-97.
12. Kislinskaya L.G., Meshkov V.M., Zhukov A.P. Izvestiya OGAU - Reports of Orenburg State Agrarian University. 2014, 47(3): 92-94.
13. Leshchukov K.A., Mamaev A.V. Vestnik Orlovskogo GAU - Herald of Orlov State Agricultutal University. 2010, 2: 32-36.
14. Maistrov V.I., Galochkina V.P. [Antioxidant-antiradical and thiol-disulfide systems in breeding bulls under the influence of a complex of biologically active substances]. Sel’skokhosyaistvennaya biologiya - Agricultural Biology. 2006, 2: 64-68.
15. Mak T.W., Saunders M.E. Innate immunity. In: The immune response: basic and clinical principles. Amsterdam, Elsevier, Acad. Press, 2004, P. 70-92.
16. Makeev A.A., Sakharov A.V., Prosenko A.E., Zhuchaev K.V., Ryabchikova E.I. [Effect of oxidative stress on the structural and functional organization of the intestines in pigs]. Vestnik Krasnoyarskogo gosuniversiteta. Estestvennye nauki - Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Univer. Ser. Natural Sci. 2009, 7: 120-123.
17. Mar’ina O.N. Mat. mezhdunar. nauch.-praktich. konf. «Aktual’nye voprosy agrarnoi nauki i obrazovaniya». Ul’yanovskaya GSKhA (Mat. Intern. Sci.-practical. Conf.: Actual issues of agrarian science and education). Ulyanovsk: Agricultural Academy Publ., 2008. 2(1-2): 100-104.
18. Men’shchikova E.B. Okislitel’nyi stress: Patologicheskie sostoyaniya i zabolevaniya (Oxidative stress: Pathological conditions and diseases). Novosibirsk: ARTA Publ., 2008, 284 p.
19. Nikitin V.N. Atlas kletok krovi sel’skokhozyaistvennykh i laboratornykh zhivotnykh (Atlas of blood cells of agricultural and laboratory animals). Moscow: GISL Publ., 1956, 260 p.
20. Ostrenko K.S.. Galochkin V.A., Koloskova E.M., Galochkina V.P. [Influence of a new micronutrient - lithium ascorbate on stress resistance and sow productivity]. Problemy biologii productivnykh zhivotnykh - Problems of Productive Animal Biology. 2017, 2: 74-86.
21. Pacák K., Palkovits M. Stressor specificity of central neuroendocrine responses: implications for stress-related disorders. Endocrine Reviews. 2001, 22(4): 502-548.
22. Sapolsky M., Romero L.M., Munck A.U. How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions. Endocrine Reviews. 2000, 21(1): 55-89.
23. Selye H. A syndrome produced by diverse nocuous agents. Nature. 1936,138: 32-63.
24. Tsigos C., Chrousos G.P. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress. J. Psychosom. Res. 53(4): 865-871.
25. Voitekha M.A. Gagloshvili A.A. [Immune and thiol-disulfide status of pigs fed low-protein rations with different levels of metabolizable energy and amino acids]. Sel’skokhosyaistvennaya biologiya - Agricultural Biology. 2010, 4: 66-72