Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физиологии, биохимии и питания животных – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста»
ABSTRACT. Under intensive technologies of the livestock use, there are usually understood the high genetic potential of productivity and high level of animal feeding. By providing certain conditions, it gives economic benefit, but large-scale implementation of intensive technologies in practice is accompanied by a decrease in the length of productive life and in the reproductive capacity of cattle, pigs and poultry of highly productive crosses, which leads to a decrease in profitability and product quality. The aim of the article is generalizing results of studying the relationship between the level of productivity and survivability of female stock (by the example of cattle). Revealed antagonism between these indicators has arisen for two main reasons: 1) one-sided selection on productive traits, and 2) feeding defects (lack of multifactorial systems of "adaptive nutrition" sufficiently adequate to functional capacities of the organism in a concrete technological conditions). It is shown that the dynamics of 305-d milk yield in a series of successive lactations are determined by combination of the values of two parameters − milk production potential and viability potential (relative value which reflects the rate of age-related decrease in the degree of realization of milk production potential). Theoretical analysis of survival using Gompertz function and data on 13 cow populations have revealed a positive relationship between the average length of productive life and the reciprocal of the intensity of culling on first lactation. According to the authors, the inclusion of the service period duration and other fertility indicators in the selection indices as a measure of the viability potential in daughters of bull-sires will be possible when paratypic risk factors will be taken into account by censoring the data on the basis of analytical prediction of intestinal absorption of rumen digestion products and monitoring the health level (metabolic status). Prerequisites for this are the development of a computerized model of rumen microbiocenosis and organization of experimental farm with the use of biosensor chips and microsensors, electronic animal identification, telemetry and digital data processing. In combination with the data of breeding animals recording system, improved by expanding records formats, it will create the necessary basis for the effective application of the new methods of associative genomic selection to improve the viability of productive animals. A prerequisite for successful work in this direction is the ability to solve complex problems in a bundle of four scientific areas: selection − system physiology − reproduction − control of production processes.
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